Grocery outlet near me timings7/14/2023 Wherever we end up, we are looking forward to providing more people with the opportunity to save money and find the unexpected by shopping with us at Grocery Outlet.”Ĭlick here to read more from the Pittsburgh Business Times. We invite the community to submit ideas for potential locations by using the customer contact form on our website. “We are still in the early stages of exploring Pittsburgh as an option, and we will keep the community updated as the process evolves. In addition to exploring our options in the Pittsburgh region, we have recently opened stores in the Philadelphia area and New Jersey,” she said. Common Stock (GO) After-Hours Stock Quotes - Nasdaq offers after-hours quotes and extended trading activity data for US and. United Grocery Outlet, 2924 Lee Highway, Athens, TN 37303. Putnam 5 'Such a great local grocery store to shop while in Asheville, NC. What are the operating hours of First Choice. That makes shopping there enjoyable to me.' J. Here, on this page, you will find additional information about Grocery Outlet Santa Clarita, CA, including the hours of operation, address details and customer rating. “Over the last year, Grocery Outlet has made expanding in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland a priority for the company. It is highly recommended to call First Choice Grocery Outlet in advance and ask about the details of the same. Working times are from 7:00 am to 9:00 pm today (Sunday). PITTSBURGH - California discounter Grocery Outlet is targeting the Pittsburgh area in which to expand as part of a larger eastern push.Īfter executives for the company recently announced on LinkedIn that it had hired a local team of CBRE to conduct its search in the region, Grocery Outlets Chief Growth Officer for New Stores and Emerging Markets Layla Kasha confirmed the basics of the retailer scouting in the region in a prepared statement.
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Hex key decoder7/14/2023 with the key/value of sessionjoccwgae3bi4dkafkvrxsoospe4. A Bitcoin address can be accessed using the corresponding private key which is Base58 encoded as well. Using CyberChef to decode the hex blob all in one go was simply for discovery reasons. The following is an example of a Bitcoin address which is comprised of the characters in Base58 encoding. Anycript provides additional JSON formatting for decrypted raw data (only if the data is in raw JSON Format). The AES engine requires a plain-text and a secret key for. AES is the industry standard as of now as it allows 128 bit, 192 bit and 256 bit encryption.Symmetric encryption is very fast as compared to asymmetric encryption and are used in systems such as database system. This tool performs ECB and CBC encryption modes and supports the key length of 128/192/256 bits. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a symmetric encryption algorithm. The more Bitcoins are mined, the more difficult mining will be. Anycript is a free tool for AES online encryption and decryption. Convert text into a hexadecimaly encoded string using this free online text to hex encoding utility. There are only 21 million Bitcoins in total. Convert text to hex and hex encode strings. You can get Bitcoin by either mining it using Bitcoin mining hardware or buying existing Bitcoin directly from a cryptocurrency exchange platform. Binary Decoder Tool - Binary to text, decimal, hex and octal Converter. The symbol representing the currency unit for Bitcoin is ₿ (U+20BF in Unicode). Bitcoin is a cryptocurrency which is a digital asset used as an alternative to money on the internet which is considerably safe, secure, and anonymous abbreviated as BTC. ValueError: could not convert string to float: '"Date"' > 1068 items = Ä¡070 # Then pack it according to the dtype's nestingĬ:\python3.7.2\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\npyio.py in (.0)Ĭ:\python3.7.2\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\npyio.py in floatconv(x) > 1141 for x in read_data(_loadtxt_chunksize):Ĭ:\python3.7.2\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\npyio.py in read_data(chunk_size)Ä¡067 # Convert each value according to its column and store > 1 np.loadtxt(r"C:\Users\Souro\Downloads\Data.csv",delimiter=",")Ĭ:\python3.7.2\lib\site-packages\numpy\lib\npyio.py in loadtxt(fname, dtype, comments, delimiter, converters, skiprows, usecols, unpack, ndmin, encoding, max_rows) ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) Np.loadtxt(r"C:\Users\Souro\Downloads\Data.csv",delimiter=",")Ä«ut it shows the following error after compiling. The problem might arise because of the meta-text in the. ValueError: could not convert string to float: âoid sha256:xxxxâ The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception: Traceback (most recent call last): File helmholtz.py, line 72, in run openfoamvar csvtodict (toabsolutepath (validation/helmholtz. txt file that is not really written there but is copied when its content is loaded somewhere. I am trying to retrieve the number of rows and columns from the data set and I have entered the following: import os import numpy as np import pandas as pd im. Path = "C:\\Users\\Souro\\Downloads\\AXISBANK.csv" I think it is better to first import your text in an array or a string and then split it and save into the dataframe specifically when your data is not too large. If the dimensionality of the data is not one-dimensional, change it accordingly, for example, change it to for two-dimensional.Row = str(row).replace('\\', '') #deleting backslash This function is better than np.loadtxt in that it can consider missing values, so the focus is on the latter. But the solution that can be successfully solved is: data = np.genfromtxt('/data.txt', delimiter=',') I checked many blogs, The reason may be an extra character at the end, a space or something?Because my data is too long, the data file will get stuck when opened, so there is no verification if it is the reason. Although it is stored as str, it makes no sense to read it. In this case, the number of columns used must match the number of fields in the data-type. If this is a structured data-type, the resulting array will be 1-dimensional, and each row will be interpreted as an element of the array. Then the error reported is: ValueError: could not convert string to float: Data-type of the resulting array default: float. There are two ways to deal with this: firstly, you can set the data type argument dtype equal to str (for string). import numpy numpy.loadtxt ('data.txt', delimiter'\t') rootmycomp python Needleman-Wunsch.py Traceback (most recent call last): File 'Needleman-Wunsch.py', line 92, in (alignedSeq1, alignedSeq2) computeFMatrix (seq1, seq2, -6) File 'Needleman-Wunsch.py', line 34, in.When reading, it is read like this: data = np.loadtxt('data.txt', delimiter=',') Due to the header, if you tried to import it as-is using np.loadtxt (), Python would throw you a ValueError and tell you that it could not convert string to float. numpy.loadtxt 'could not convert string to float'. It is worth mentioning that it is saved like this when saving: with open('data.txt', 'a') as only:Īmong them, the format of data is a one-dimensional float list. This error occurred in order to import the data file I originally saved while drawing. Say i love you anime7/14/2023 Despite not being a part of Mei’s inner circle, Say I Love You. I wish Hazuki had turned Megumi’s story into her own manga. Even after she has given up on him, much of the story still centers around her. One who sticks around is Megumi, a rival for Yamato’s affections. I mentioned earlier that some characters are kicked out. Most of the transformations took place before the start of the manga, and I do think the author missed an opportunity to have, how should I say, a less standard couple reinforce the message that any changes should be for yourself rather than because of someone else. The teenage years are a complicated time, so it’s no surprise that looks are a big part of the story. Aiko went on an extreme diet in order to get Yamato’s attention, Yamato’s friend Kai bulked up in order to get revenge, and schoolmate Megumi became a model because she was teased as a child. Mei’s first female friend Asami, for instance, has a large chest, but she is uncomfortable with the sort of attention it brings. If there’s another key theme in the manga, it’s probably body image. It’s good that there’s never a huge blowup between either the couples or the rivals, but if you want to see dramatic moments, the series is pretty low on those. what behaviors are appropriate between friends versus sending mixed signals. For everyone else, it’s more of naive attitudes rather than wandering hearts - i.e. But there’s only really only one couple where it’s a will-they-or-won’t-they situation. (The final volume - and even the previous to an extent - is basically an epilogue by the way.)Īuthor Hazuki isn’t afraid to show some destructive or mentally unhealthy behaviors, and people like Mei don’t change immediately from a negative loner to a cheerful idol. It’s made to be heartwarming, and I agree it is for much of the manga, but the story does get repetitive by the time it enters the college arc. But some will see this series as preachy, and others will think Say I Love You. The tone is very introspective and full of lessons you’d hear at a retreat for a successful marriage. is more like a series of love essays in manga format. is focused around a smaller, core group, and even new characters are dragged into the story only to be kicked out at the earliest possible convenience. The earlier volumes are almost like a series of connected chapters centering around different people, so there are different types of couples getting together. Sometimes, it’s a rival for Mei or Yamato’s affections, and other times, it’s one of their acquaintances going through a love crisis. With a title like this, it isn’t surprising that one of the common requests the characters have is wanting a particular someone to say “I love you” to them. She dials it when dealing with a creepy customer, and by the end of the volume, Mei not only has a boyfriend but some friends - including a former enemy. He gives her his number, but Mei randomly, unusually decides to keep it, an action I still don’t fully understand. She ends up kicking Yamato in the face instead of Takeshi, but this only cements his interest in her. Well, one day, Yamato’s friend starts tugging at the skirt, and Mei finally snaps. She doesn’t speak to any of her classmates, and even when they discover they can harass her with no consequences, Mei still doesn’t respond. Mei spends her days going to school, to work, and then home, and she has no problem with this. Say I Love You., despite being a rather lengthy romance, doesn’t waste any time in pushing the main couple together. is so popular… but it’s also definitely easy to see why it’s not everyone’s cup of tea. It’s easy to understand why Say I Love You. was one of the top two, and so they did bring it over and have now released it in full. Years ago, Kodansha Comics asked fans for suggestions on what shoujo series to license. But Mei insists she wants nothing to do with him… After she mistakenly kicks the most popular boy in school, Yamato, he decides he wants to get to know her. She doesn’t have friends, and she doesn’t want friends, plain and simple. Shoujo – Romance, drama, slice-of-life, mature Raleigh weather report7/14/2023 We do get the occasional email that complains about the accuracy but 99% of all emails concerning accuracy have spoken highly of the quality of the forecast. We have found that the forecast are generally accurate and often very close. The temperature and wind speed graphs utilizes such an estimate by connecting the data with a straight line.Ī) You local accuracy may vary from week to week and season to season. You can estimate what the forecast might be at a particular time by using the times before and after the time you want. What is the forecast for other times than the ones shown?Ī) The National Weather Service only provides the data in 3 hour blocks. Q) The Launch Code time is 3 hour time blocks. If you find a city not listed on our site, please contact us and we will add the forecast to our database. You can check our list against the NWS list by visiting this page and comparing it to our list of cities. We believe that this list is the most current available but from time to time we do omit a city without knowing. Q) Can you add another city to the list of available cities in the Launch Code program?.Ī) The list of cities shown is the cities in which the National Weather Service has forecast for. Launch Code V5.10 ©2002-2023 Air Sports Net - All Rights Reserved Launch Code Frequently Asked Questions These terms may change from time to time without notice. You also agree that we shall not be liable for any compensatory, direct, indirect, incidental, consequential or punitive damages, income or profit loss, or any claims of any parties whatsoever with respect to this service. By using this forecast, you agree that there may be differences in forecast conditions and actual flying conditions. Use extreme caution before flying any aircraft. We do not guarantee the weather forecast is accurate enough to be used for flying. Please contact the FAA for more information on pilot briefings or call 1-800-WX-BRIEF.Īs with all forecasts, weather conditions can change dramatically from what has been forecasted. This forecast and the related content/links on this page are not a substitution for the official weather briefing from the FAA. The user assume the entire risk associated with the use of this data. Check your conditions before you launch and only launch in conditions that you are familiar with and are certified to fly in. Regardless of what this program has forecasted, it is not intended to be a substitution for good common sense. The contents, including graphics and display format, are under copyright by Air Sports Net. The Raw Data used in this forecast was obtained from the National Weather Service's National Blend of Models and is not subject to copyright protection. Search for the Nearest Winds Aloft Forecast Station Of upper and lower values of current conditions amongst 70 locations Station: KRDU North: 35.87 West: -78.78 Timezone: Eastern Daylight Saving Time UTC: -4 Model: National Blend of Models - Aviation Format If you can supply a picture of the severe weather you are experiencing, please do.Aviation Weather Forecast at Raleigh Durham, North Carolina Please include in your report, the location (town and county) and time/date that the severe weather occurred. Also, at times a dam failure can cause a flash flood, depending on the type of dam and time period during which the break occurs. Flash Flood: A flood which is caused by heavy or excessive rainfall in a short period of time, generally less than 6 hours.A thunderstorm wind equal to or greater than 40 mph (35 knots) and/or hail of at least ½" is defined as approaching severe. Structural wind damage may imply the occurrence of a severe thunderstorm. Severe Thunderstorm: A thunderstorm that produces a tornado, winds of at least 58 mph (50 knots), and/or hail at least 1" in diameter.On a local scale, it is the most destructive of all atmospheric phenomena. It nearly always starts as a funnel cloud and may be accompanied by a loud roaring noise. Tornado: A violently rotating column of air, usually pendant to a cumulonimbus, with circulation reaching the ground.When you can do safely, please send us a report when you observe one or more of the following: Adobe illustrator price comparison7/13/2023 As an Illustrator user, you won’t have the ability to do this. Having the ability to switch back and forth between vector and pixel environments, all in a single application, is very convenient. This means that not only can you create vector graphics in Designer, but you can also perform many image editing tasks as well, such as: It breaks down into two separate personas: it has the Designer Persona, which is meant for working with vector graphics, and it has the Pixel Persona as well, which is meant for working with pixel-based images.Įach persona has its own set of tools to work with: In a way, Affinity Designer is a 2-in-1 design solution. Let’s get started by going over some of the benefits you’ll enjoy by choosing Affinity Designer over Illustrator. Illustrator Advantages Of Using Affinity DesignerĪffinity Designer certainly has its share of technical advantages.Cheaper cost Advantages Of Using Illustrator.Easier to work with nodes/anchor points.Table of Contents Advantages Of Using Affinity Designer Let’s have a closer look at how these tools compare when it comes to features, usability, and performance. Affinity Designer VS Illustrator: Technical Comparison There’s virtually nothing you cannot do (in terms of vector design anyway) with Adobe Illustrator.ĭespite all of its robust features though, its ability to edit images and photos is very limited - especially when compared to Affinity Designer. What makes Illustrator special is all of the advanced tools and features it contains for working with vector graphics. About IllustratorĪdobe Illustrator is the industry-standard vector design application, developed by none other than Adobe. This is quite rare to see in a vector design tool, and it really makes Affinity Designer stand out among the rest. Not only does Affinity Designer have all of the fundamental tools and capabilities you would expect from a vector design app, but it also has image editing capabilities built in via its Pixel Persona, making it a fantastic all-in-one design solution. It serves as a lower-cost alternative to Adobe Illustrator, which is currently the industry standard when it comes to vector design. About Affinity DesignerĪffinity Designer is a vector design application developed by Serif Europe Ltd.
Below is the comparison chart of WPS Office and MS Office 2016.įree Download Common Microsoft Office 2016 64-bit Issues and How to Fix Them Recommand: Download free alternatives to MS Office 64-bitĪlthough Microsoft Office 2016 can be downloaded for free, it might have some issues that make its users uncomfortable while downloading, installing, and even using its applications. It will look for any available updates and update your Office quickly. On the right side of the screen, you can find Update Options. On the left side, you will see all your account information. Open any application like Word, Excel, or PowerPoint.Ģ. However, if you want to manually update applications like Word, Excel, Powerpoint, and Outlook, follow these steps.ġ. Usually, Microsoft automatically updates your MS Office applications to the latest available versions. How to Manually Update Office 2016 64-bit Open it, and follow the instructions from the wizard, and it will lead to installing MS Office 2016 on your PC. After that, find the current version of Office on your PC, select it and press uninstall.ģ. Go to the Control Panel of your computer. Follow the below-mentioned steps to do it properly.ġ. For this purpose, you will have to remove the current version of MS Office from your PC. How to Install Microsoft Office 2016 64-bit on Your PCįirst things first, you can not install MS Office 2016 if you have already installed any other Office version on your PC. Click on start download, or your download will automatically start. Choose the right version for you, it will redirect you to the download page. One is linked to downloading the Home and Student versions while the other one is to download the Professional version.Ĥ. You can find two options on the next page. You can see the Download button click on it.ģ. Visit SoftFamous and land on the download page for Microsoft Office 2016.Ģ. Let me take you through the stepwise process of Microsoft Office 2016 64-bit can be downloaded.ġ. You have to download this program from other websites. Microsoft Office 2016 64-bit is replaced by Office 365 and is not available for sale on Microsoft's official website. How to Download Microsoft Office 2016 64-bit for Free Graphics Card: The graphics hardware acceleration requires a DirectX10 graphics card and a minimum of 1024 x 576 resolution. Operating System: It is compatible with Windows 8/8.1/10, Windows 7 SP1, Windows 10 Server, Windows Server 2012, and Windows Server 2008/2012 R2. Processor: Microsoft Office 2016 works fine with 1 GHz or faster x86- or 圆4-bit processor with an SSE2 instruction set or the latest one. System Requirements for Microsoft Office 2016 64-bit It may not be available for all Office applications or languages It is more widely being less resource intensive Recommended for users who work on the larger data set and memory-intensive computations Recommended for users with 32-bit OS who doesn’t work on complex data sets Some advanced Add-ins and Macros are not compatibleĪll advanced macros and Add-ins are compatible, while older ones may not work This version only works on 64-bit operating system It works on both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems. It can easily address a larger amount of memory, typically up to 2^64 bits. It is memory-efficient and consumes less memory. On Windows Server 2012 and volume license editions of Windows 8, you can use your same KMS host key to set up Active Directory-Based activation.Ĥ324.1002 update extends the Key Management Service (KMS) to support co-hosting of Office 2013 and Office 2016 on Windows Server 2008 R2.Performs exceptionally well and fast on complex data sets These license files are required for the KMS host service to recognize Office 2016 KMS host keys. This download contains an executable file that will extract and install KMS host license files. To set up Active Directory-Based activation, you must be running Windows Server 2012, Windows 8, or newer.Īll volume editions of Office 2016 client products are pre-installed with a Generic Volume License Key (GVLK) key, which supports automatic activation for both KMS and Active Directory-Based Activation, so you will not need to install a product key. When an Office 2016 volume edition client is installed, it will automatically attempt to activate via either Active Directory by using its existing domain pairing or a DNS-discoverable KMS host on your organization network. If you want to activate volume license editions of Office 2016, Visio 2016, or Project 2016 with a KMS host or Active Directory-Based activation, you need to first install Office 2016 Volume License Pack. Enid oklahoma tag agency phone number7/13/2023 Harvest should wrap up by the end of this week in Franklin County, according to Clark Wenger, general manager/CEO of Ottawa Coop. The last wheat they will cut will be their HRW, but attention is already shifting to the next crop that could use some moisture as the son-in-law has started planting soybeans. “We all want to protect the integrity of hard red winter wheat.” “We’re trusting that all our neighbors are being honest, and elevators are pulling a sample on every load,” Richard Felts said. That wheat is being delivered to the elevator in Coffeyville, which has to switch between hard and soft wheat deliveries, a tricky undertaking when both classes look similar but have very different quality characteristics… and different prices on the board. The SRW is averaging 85 bushels per acre with test weights averaging right at 60 pounds per bushel. The beginning of wheat harvest was delayed for the Felts family due to rain, finally starting around June 15. Now, Rich’s son and son-in-law are involved in the operation and Larry’s grandson is running the grain cart - the fourth generation on the family operation. Richard has farmed in partnership with Larry since they came back from college to partner with their father. From here you don’t have to go very far before you run into some bad stuff.” “That’s why we needed a decent wheat crop - because we didn’t have anything for fall crops. “When it quit raining this time last year, that was the end of it until this spring,” Larry Felts said. But, the area also suffered from a long stretch without rain. In Montgomery County, where Richard Felts farms with his brother Larry, the SRW wheat - which makes up 80 percent of their operation - looked good all winter long. Despite the successful wheat crop, no moisture is now to be found and the soybeans going in behind the combine are being planted into dust. Combined with a near-perfect growing season - he’s one of the few producers in the state that would call it so this year - Armstrong said this was “the best wheat we have ever planted.” His Pioneer 25R74 averaged 94 bushels per acre for a farm-wide yield with test weights between 60 and 61 pounds per bushel.Īrmstrong binned the bumper crop for later delivery to mills near Kansas City that are looking for SRW this year. He has finished his wheat harvest near Muscotah in Atchison County, where it’s normally too wet for high wheat yields, but this year was the exception.Īrmstrong put on 160 pounds of nitrogen, fungicide and seed treatments on his SRW crop. Jay Armstrong is one of those eastern Kansas wheat farmers who plants SRW. Presley said they’ve been sending some samples to Kansas Grain Inspection Service for hardness tests, so “wheat can be labeled correctly, and we can tell our domestic and international markets, ‘this is as advertised.’” It’s important to know your customers and work with your FSA office to get an idea on the percentage of each class of wheat grown in the area.” “End users rely on us to provide wheat with the characteristics they need, and we don’t want to jeopardize that. “I feel it’s especially important this year for all segments of the industry to work together to protect the integrity of both the hard red winter and soft red winter markets,” he said. Troy Presley of CEA discussed the importance of keeping the two classes of wheat segregated. SRW typically yields higher than HRW but has lower protein content (8.5% to 10.5%), soft endosperm and weak gluten, making it targeted for different end products than HRW, universally known as the bread wheat. SRW is commonly used for specialty products such as sponge cakes, cookies, crackers and other confectionary products.ĬoMark Equity Alliance (CEA), headquartered in Cheney, Kansas, and Enid, Oklahoma, has several locations in the southeastern part of Kansas, extreme south central Kansas and north central Oklahoma, that handle both soft red winter and hard red winter wheat. Anki cloze from csv7/13/2023 I would like to have cards that go from Quote → Person and from Person + Summary → Quote. For example, I recently created a "quotes" card template which has the fields "Quote", "Source", "Person", "Summary" and so on. But for certain cards i need both the cloze-part and the card-generating part. This allows me to fill in fields quickly and then have Anki generate a bunch of cards based on those fields. I use Anki's card generation feature alot, by creating customized notes. The amount of flexibility this provides is immense. This add-on is superb! It took me some to get used to but thanks to the phenomenal documentation on github it wasn't all that difficult. You should only download add-ons you trust. See the License for the specific language governing permissions andĪs add-ons are programs downloaded from the internet, they are WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, softwareĭistributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, You may not use this file except in compliance with the License. Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License") 0.4: Update to work with Anki 2.1.49 ().0.2: Add menu actions Auto-cloze Full Field and Create Missing Cards ().If you experience a problem or have any comments/ideas, please open an issue at the Issues page for the project on Github. that enable the corresponding cloze cards. Synchronizes edits from the ExpressionCloze field (or similarly named field) to the other fields ExpressionCloze1, ExpressionCloze2, etc.Hooks into Anki's button in the editor so that you can use it on other notes besides those based on Anki's Cloze type.The plugin does two things to make it easier for you to edit cloze deletions when following this approach: Below you will find only a short description of how the plugin works. You can also modify the templates completely, using them simply as a guide.įurther details on the approach and how the plugin works can be found on the Github page. You can add cloze cards to any existing note type ("cloze anything") simply by adding new fields and card templates based on the instructions found here. Replicating Anki functionality with JavaScript and card templates is not the goal however. You can either download the shared deck or follow the instructions for setting up the templates manually. It is compatible with Anki Desktop, AnkiMobile, and AnkiDroid. It has no dependency on Anki's Cloze note type nor any other note types, which means you don't have to migrate your cards to a new note type. The big benefit of this is that you can generate cloze cards from existing notes, for which you may already have cards. This is achieved purely through JavaScript in the card template and a novel application of Anki's built-in (awesome) Selective Card Generation feature. and provides more flexibility in cloze card generation.does not require any modifications to Anki (via a plugin) for it to work,.is completely independent from Anki's Cloze Deletion,.The Cloze Anything provides a template-based cloze implementation that: You may also be interested in the related shared deck that includes sample cards utilizing the card templates. While this plugin is not necessary to follow this approach, it does make it a lot easier. This plugin automates some of the otherwise manual work that would be required when following the approach of this project. This is the plugin corresponding to the Cloze Anything project. Slime and putty7/13/2023 Both professionals and do-it-yourself home owners can purchase lime putty mortar (and have their historical mortar matched for both color and content) by companies that specialize in historical preservation and sell pre-mixed mortar in small batches. Empirical testing in the late 20th century provided a scientific understanding of its remarkable durability. ĭespite its enduring utility over many centuries, lime mortar's effectiveness as a building material has not been well understood time-honoured practices were based on tradition, folklore and trade knowledge, vindicated by the vast number of old buildings that remain standing. For this reason, while Portland cement continues to be commonly used in new brick and concrete construction, its use is not recommended in the repair and restoration of brick and stone-built structures originally built using lime mortar. However, the soft and porous properties of lime mortar provide certain advantages when working with softer building materials such as natural stone and terracotta. This was largely due to the ease of use of Portland cement, its quick setting, and high compressive strength. With the introduction of Portland cement during the 19th century, the use of lime mortar in new constructions gradually declined. It is one of the oldest known types of mortar, used in ancient Rome and Greece, when it largely replaced the clay and gypsum mortars common to ancient Egyptian construction. Lime mortar or torching is a masonry mortar composed of lime and an aggregate such as sand, mixed with water. Left: lime mortar applied and then beaten back and brushed with a churn brush. Centre: lime mortar applied with a trowel. A stone wall in France with lime mortar grouting being applied. |